罗斯福新政教案
发表时间:2026-01-24罗斯福新政教案(汇编14篇)。
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
今天我说课的课题是《罗斯福新政》(此处应有板书)。
根据新课标的理念,对于本节课我将以教什么、怎么教、为什么这样教为思路,从说教材、说学情、说教学过程、说板书等几个方面加以展开。
首先,来谈谈我对教材的理解。1929年到1933年的资本主义经济大危机时期,美国首当其冲,陷入极为严重的经济和社会危机中。罗斯福总统利用国家干预手段,提出了一系列缓解危机的经济和社会改革措施,史称“罗斯福新政”。本课第一个子目“临危受命”承上启下,说明了罗斯福上台的历史背景,第二个子目“实施新政”讲述了罗斯福新政的主要内容,第三个子目“摆脱危机困境”主要讲述了罗斯福新政的影响。三个子目层层递进,逻辑分明。我在处理教材时将格外注意知识的系统化呈现。
俗话说:“知人,才能善教;善教,必先知人。”教学活动是围绕学生展开的,因此要对学情进行分析。高一的学生经过初中的历史课程学习,已经掌握了一定的历史学习方法,他们思维活跃,求知欲旺盛,参与积极性高,但思维的深度和广度还不够,需要老师在教学中予以点拨、引导。
根据以上对教材和学情的分析,我设定了以下三维目标:1、知识与能力目标:简述罗斯福新政的主要内容、特点及其主要影响;2、过程与方法目标:通过创设情境和合作探究,初步形成论从史出的史学意识;3、情感态度与价值观目标:辩证地看待资本主义国家的改革和内部调整,感悟罗斯福锐意改革的勇气和胆识。
根据我的教学目标,提炼出本节课的重难点:重点,罗斯福新政的内容、特点及影响。难点,归纳分析罗斯福新政的“新”。
为了实现教学目标、突破重难点,达到良好的课堂效果,本节课我采用的是情境教学法、史料教学法以及小组讨论法。
下面重点谈谈我的教学过程
在导入环节,我准备了罗斯福在总统就职典礼上的演讲,用罗斯福总统渊博的知识、出众的口才、亲和的形象和克服危机的坚定信心把学生紧紧地吸引到课堂上来,打开他们的思维和想象力。
在演讲激情澎湃的余韵中,我会向学生抛出本节课的第一个重点问题:假如你是罗斯福总统的内阁成员之一,你会采取什么措施帮助美国渡过这场危机?这里我设置了小组讨论,并请学生根据大屏幕上呈现的四个情境分别进行讨论:
情境一:据统计,到1933年初,美国银行倒闭事件已经上升到5500家,有900万储户失去了自己的存款,就在罗斯福总统宣誓就职的前一天,全国32个州的银行关闭,人们手拿支票,却无法兑换。
引导学生从金融方面进行分析。
情境二:大危机中,境况最惨的是农民,农民负债累累,农产品价格降到历史最低点,猪肉五分钱一斤等。
情境三:1933年的《工业复兴法》
情境四:田纳西水利工程的水坝图片
根据我在PPT上所设置的,以及学生们对课文信息的搜集和提取,他们能够总结出罗斯福新政金融、农业、工业以及公共工程四个方面的措施。(此处应有板书)
接下来我会请学生们再次换位思考,假如你生活在当时的美国,作为一个普通民众,你能感受到新政后有什么变化?学生们可能会说出“农产品价格上升了”、“失业人数减少了”等直观的感受,紧紧抓住学生们的这一感受,我会抛出本节课的重点问题:罗斯福新政产生了哪些影响?引导学生从美国国内以及整个资本主义世界进行分析。(此处应该有板书)
我们常说“罗斯福新政”,那么罗斯福新政到底“新”在哪里呢?引导学生从国家干预、社会福利等方面进行分析,新政“新”在国家干预的新模式。
以上环节环环相扣,通过历史情境的设置,带着学生们跨越了时间和空间的障碍,来到了当时当地的美国,体会新政的具体措施及其带来的影响,极大地调动了学生们的积极性,打开了他们的思维和想象力。
讲到这里,本节课也接近尾声,我会与学生共同总结本节课学习的内容,并布置本节课的拓展延伸作业,***总统在上台之后也采取了一系列的措施,改善美国的经济状况,请根据本节课所学,试着分析***总统上台了采取了哪几方面的措施,这些措施又产生了什么影响。
这样的作业布置,既巩固了本节课所学,又能够以史为鉴,学为今用。
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
对于罗斯福新政是不是计划经济这个问题,答案应该很明确不是。罗斯福新政只能说借鉴了计划经济的有利部分。从本质上来说罗斯福新政就是在维护资本主义制度的前提下作出的政策调整,是对资本主义生产关系的调整,即实行国家垄断资本主义。是资本主义经济的局部改革,罗斯福新政最大的变化在于放弃了之前美国的自由主义经济模式,政府的功能不再只是守夜人。新政的实施使得政府充当了市场的把关人,开始有计划有目的的干预市场经济的发展。
也是由于美国的经济大萧条是美国人民盲目的投机活动引起的,使得美国金融界全面瘫痪,股票市场陷入一片混乱。所以罗斯福新政开始干预金融市场的经济发展,规范行业内的秩序。但是从本质上来说国家和政府也就是有计划的干预一下,制定大致的发展方向,市场的发展依旧是市场经济自我调节的作用。这和苏联等社会主义国家的计划经济还是相去甚远。罗斯福新政借鉴计划经济已经不是什么新鲜的举动,早在列宁的新经济政策中就已经借鉴过市场经济的优点使苏联渡过了难关。所以从本质上说罗斯福新政不是计划经济。
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
罗斯福:国会珍珠港演讲
mr.vice president,mr.speaker,members of the senate,and of the house of representatives:
yesterday,december 7th,1941--a date which will live in infamy--the united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of japan. the united states was at peace with that nation and,at the solicitation of japan,was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the pacific.indeed,one hour after japanese air squadrons had ***menced bombing in the american island of oahu,the japanese ambassador to the united states and his colleague delivered to our secretary of state aformal reply to arecent american message.
and while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations,it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. it will be recorded that the distance of hawaii from japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago.during the intervening time,the japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the united states by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.
the attack yesterday on the hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to american naval and military forces.i regret to tell you that very many american lives have been lost.in addition,american ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between san francis co and honolulu yesterday,the japanese government also launched an attack against malaya.
last night,japanese forces attacked hong kong. last night,japanese forces attacked guam. last night,japanese forces attacked the philippine islands.
last night,the japanese attacked wake island. and thi--orning,the japanese attacked midway island. japan has,therefore,undertaken asurprise offensive extending throughout the pacific area.
the facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves.the people of the united states tob_id_3934 have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. as ***mander in chief of the army and navy,i have directed that all measures be taken for our defense.
but always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us. no matter how long it may take us to over***e this premeditated invasion,the american people in their righteou--ight will win through to absolute victory. i believe that iinterpret the will of the congress and of the people when iassert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost,but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us.
hostilities exist.there is no blinking at the fact that our people,our territory,and our interests are in grave danger. with confidence in our armed forces,with the unbounding determination of our people,we will gain the inevitable triumph--so help us god.
i ask that the congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by japan on sunday,december 7th,1941,a state of war has existed between the united states and the japanese empire. 副**先生、议长先生、参众两院各位议员: 昨天,1941年12月7日——一个遗臭万年的日期——美利坚合众国遭到了日本帝国海空军蓄谋已久的进攻。
合众国当时同日本处于和平状态,并且,根据日本的请求,当时仍在同该国**和天皇进行会谈,以期维护太平洋和平。实际上,就在日本空军中队已经开始轰炸美国瓦湖岛之后的一小时,日本驻合众国大使还向我们的国务卿提交了对合众国最近致日方信函的正式答复。尽管答复声称,继续目前的外交谈判似乎毫无用处,但其中没有任何战争或武装攻击的威胁或暗示。
历史将证明夏威夷离日本如此之远,表明这次袭击是经过数天甚至数周精心策划的。在此期间,日本故意作出虚假陈述并表示希望继续维持和平,从而欺骗了美国。昨天对夏威夷岛的袭击给美国海军和陆军造成严重损害。
我遗憾地告诉各位,很多美国人丧失了生命,此外,据报,美国船只在旧金山和火奴鲁鲁(檀香山)之间的公海上也遭到了鱼雷袭击。昨天,日本对马来亚发动攻击。 昨夜,日本军队袭击了香港。
昨夜,日本军队袭击了**。昨晚,日本军队袭击了菲律宾群岛。 昨夜,日本人袭击了威克岛。
今晨,日本人袭击了中途岛。结果,日本突然在整个太平洋发动攻势。昨天和今天发生的事证实了这一点。
美国的人民已经形成了自己的见解,并且十分清楚这关系到我们国家的安全和生存的本身。作为武装部队总司令,我已指示采取一切措施保护我国。我们整个国家将永远记住这次袭击我们的性质。
不论要用多长的时间才能战胜此次蓄谋已久的入侵,美国人民以自己的正义力量一定要赢得绝对的胜利。 我现在预言,我们不仅要做出最大的努力来保卫我们自己,我们还将确保这种形式的背信弃义永远不会再危及我们。我这么说,相信是国会和人民意志的体现。
战争已经开始,不可否认,我们的人民、我们的领土和我们的利益处于严重危险之中。我们相信,我军依靠人民的坚定决心,一定能够取得胜利。愿上帝保佑我们!我要求国会宣布:
自1941年12月7日星期日日本无端和卑鄙的进攻以来,美国和日本帝国之间一直处于战争状态。
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
小学生名人故事:富兰克林罗斯福
一个小男孩几乎认为自己是世界上最不幸的孩子,因为患脊髓灰质炎而留下了瘸腿和参差不齐且突出的牙齿。他很少与同学们游戏或玩耍,老师叫他回答问题时,他也总是低着头一言不发。
在一个平常的春天,小男孩的父亲从邻居家讨了一些树苗,他想把它们栽在房前。他叫他的孩子们每人栽一棵。父亲对孩子们说,谁栽的树苗长得最好,就给谁买一件最喜欢的礼物。小男孩也想得到父亲的礼物。
但看到兄妹们蹦蹦跳跳提水浇树的身影,不知怎么地,萌生出一种阴冷的想法:希望自己栽的那棵树早点死去。因此浇过一两次水后,再也没去搭理它。
几天后,小男孩再去看他种的那棵树时,惊奇地发现它不仅没有枯萎,而且还长出了几片新叶子,与兄妹们种的树相比,显得更嫩绿、更有生气。
父亲兑现了他的诺言,为小男孩买了一件他最喜欢的礼物,并对他说,从他栽的树来看,他长大后一定能成为一名出色的植物学家。
从那以后,小男孩慢慢变得乐观向上起来。
一天晚上,小男孩躺在床上睡不着,看着窗外那明亮皎洁的月光,忽然想起生物老师曾说过的话:植物一般都在晚上生长,何不去看看自己种的那颗小树。当他轻手轻脚来到院子里时,却看见父亲用勺子在向自己栽种的那棵树下泼洒着什么。
顿时,一切他都明白了,原来父亲一直在偷偷地为自己栽种的那颗小树施肥!他返回房间,任凭泪水肆意地奔流
几十年过去了,那瘸腿的小男孩虽然没有成为一名植物学家,但他却成为了美国总统,他的名字叫富兰克林罗斯福。
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
一天,某青年报的记者前去采访罗斯福总统夫人,接近尾声时,这位记者问出了这样一个问题:“尊敬的夫人,您能给那些渴求成功特别是那些年轻的、刚刚走出校门的人一些建议吗?”
总统夫人先是谦虚地摇了摇头,然后她便回忆起自己年轻时候的一件事来。
几十年前,还不是罗斯福夫人的她尚在本宁顿学院念书。为了更好地锻炼自己,她决定边学习边做份工作,并且最好是在电讯业,因为这不仅是她的兴趣所在,还可以让她顺便多修几个学分。于是,她让父亲帮自己联系一下。没过多久,父亲的朋友、美国无线电公司的董事长萨尔洛夫将军便约她前去见面。
当她单独见到萨尔洛夫将军时,对方直截了当地问她想干份什么样的工作,并要求她说出具体工种来。可是当时的她却想:只要是电讯业,任何工种我都喜欢,所以她回答:“随便哪份工作都行!”
不想这句话却险些激怒了对面的将军,只见他立刻停下手中忙碌的工作,用严厉的目光打量起这个不知所措的年轻姑娘来,然后非常严肃地说道:“年轻人,世界上并没有一类工作叫‘随便’,成功的道路是用目标铺成的!”
顿时,她面红耳赤,但是这句发人深省的话却从此伴随了她一生,并时刻激励着她认真地去对待每一份新的工作。
“如果非让我给那些渴求成功的人士一句忠告,那我就把这句话告诉大家吧:世上没有一类工作叫随便,成功的道路是用目标铺成的。”罗斯福夫人最后说。
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
罗斯福面对耻辱:
美国前总统罗斯福在中年时患小儿麻痹,这时他已经做了参议员,在政坛上炙手可热,遭此打击,差点心灰意冷,退隐乡园。
有一天,他告诉家人说,他发明了一种上楼梯的方法,要表演给大家看。
原来,他先用手臂的力量把身体撑起来,挪到台阶上,然后再把腿拖上去,就这样一阶一阶艰难缓慢的爬上楼梯。
他的母亲阻止他说:"你这样在地上拖来拖去,给别人看见了多难看!"
罗斯福断然说:"我必须面对自己的耻辱!"
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
一个小男孩几乎认为自己是世界上最不幸的孩子,因为患脊髓灰质炎而留下了瘸腿和参差不齐且突出的牙齿。他很少与同学们游戏或玩耍,老师叫他回答问题时,他也总是低着头一言不发。
在一个平常的春天,小男孩的父亲从邻居家讨了一些树苗,他想把它们栽在房前。他叫他的孩子们每人栽一棵。父亲对孩子们说,谁栽的树苗长得最好,就给谁买一件最喜欢的礼物。小男孩也想得到父亲的礼物。但看到兄妹们蹦蹦跳跳提水浇树的身影,不知怎么地,萌生出一种阴冷的想法:希望自己栽的那棵树早点死去。因此浇过一两次水后,再也没去搭理它。
几天后,小男孩再去看他种的那棵树时,惊奇地发现它不仅没有枯萎,而且还长出了几片新叶子,与兄妹们种的树相比,显得更嫩绿、更有生气。父亲兑现了他的诺言,为小男孩买了一件他最喜欢的礼物,并对他说,从他栽的树来看,他长大后一定能成为一名出色的植物学家。
从那以后,小男孩慢慢变得乐观向上起来。
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
斯大林胜算罗斯福:民间故事
1944年,法西斯德国败局已定,美、前苏、英各国军队在多条战线上取得重大战果。为了研究如何处理战后一系列遗留问题,特别是如何处理战败国德国,苏、美、英三国领袖决定再次举行最高首脑会晤。
最高首脑会晤时间、地点和会议程序的选择与确定,历来是一个重要的问题。当时,美国总统罗斯福身体状况已严重不佳。因此罗斯福提出,会晤是不是口丨以定在1945年春天,这时天气已暖,他的身体可以吃得消。
老谋深箅的斯大林早已了解到罗斯福的病情,他知道,一个疲惫不堪、精力不支的首脑在谈判中是不会保持坚强的意志和耐力的,是无法与一个体魄强健的,对手较量的。在罗斯福这种身体状态下,他很容易感到厌倦、焦躁、虚弱,从而轻易地向对手让步。于是斯大林电告罗斯福:由于形势发展急速,一系列问题迫切需要解决,因此最高首脑会晤不能拖延,最迟应该在1945年的2月份内举行;
无口丨奈何之下,罗斯福只好同意这个日期。他又提出,因为健康原因他只能坐船去开会,这样旅途要花很长的时间,所以他希望会谈地点不要选得太远。另外,最好开会的地点和气候能温暖一些,对身体有利。
斯大林则拒绝去任何苏联控制以外的地方,而坚持会议必须在黑海地区举行。并且具体提出在黑海边上克里米亚半岛的雅尔塔小城镇举行。这样,斯大林可以以逸待劳,并可随时与莫斯科保持联系。
罗斯福再没办法讨价还价,他只好拖着病躯,硬着头皮,前往冰天雪地的雅尔塔。当罗斯福经过几十天艰辛跋涉到达雅尔塔的时候,人们发现这位总统而色憔悴、几乎精疲力竭。
斯大林、罗斯福、丘吉尔到达雅尔塔后,无休无止的会晤,谈判开始了。日程安排得极为紧张,首脑会谈多达20次。每次罗斯福都得参加。另外还有大量的宴会、酒会、晚会。这一切使罗斯福疲劳不堪。在谈判中,罗斯福强自打起精神,与斯大林讨价还价,但终因体力不支,注意力分散,争辩不过斯大林,最后不得不草草结束会谈,按苏联的意思签订了协议
罗斯福回到美国后几周,就逝世了。美国人强烈批评罗斯福与斯大林签订的《雅尔塔协定》,认为它对苏联做了大幅度的妥协,是对美国与西方利益的“背叛”。
一位著名的政治家说过,政治的较量到了最后就是身体的较量、意志的较量。优秀的政治家善于充分利用和强化对手在身体上、意志上的劣势,从而使自己在政治较量中较容易地击败对手。
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
美国第32任总统富兰克林·d·罗斯福是美国历史上唯一一位连任四届的总统,他拯救了美国人民,拯救了美国经济,使美国成为二战世界大联盟的领导者……他的成就如漫天的星斗,每一项都璀璨夺目,光耀千秋。
罗斯福的辉煌不是命中注定的,也不是靠运气获得的`,更不是用阴谋取得的,他的辉煌成就离不开他人的鼎力相助。最令我敬佩并值得我借鉴的便是罗斯福善于举贤任能、懂得协调各方面关系的能力,在这方面罗斯福不愧为大师!
罗斯福出身名门望族,影响和财力首屈一指。但罗斯福却没有富家纨绔子弟的骄奢淫逸和自负,他从不恃才傲物,他为人谦逊,从小就显示出政治家的潜质。他在中学时期就知道如何处理和他人的关系,如何取悦于人。他始终保持着绅士特有的风度,这些都为他步入政坛夯实了基础。
步入政坛的罗斯福能用各种方式协调各方关系,始终保持着关系链条的正常运转。豪就是受到罗斯福的感染,誓死追随罗斯福,在关键时刻总能给罗斯福最大援助的人之一。罗斯福也非常感激豪,在重大决策前总要和豪商议,俩人形影不离,其亲密程度堪比三国时期的刘关张。
我也很想搞好人际关系,但是有时候我的做法欠妥,结果总是事与愿违,有时候,同学问我问题,如果在我看来是很幼稚甚至是很无聊的问题,我就时常表现出不耐烦,或以厌烦的态度敷衍了事,长此以往,使得一些朋友认为我不合群,或是认为我心高气傲,不大愿意和我交往了。这不能不说是一种失败。
读完《罗斯福传》以后,我有了很大的收获。
人是群居的动物,大家在一起生活,就不可避免要和他人交往。交什么样的朋友?如何择友?如何对待不同的朋友?如何维持人际关系链条的正常运转?……这些问题都需要我们认真思考、正确解决。尤其是在自己的地位提升或影响力增大时,处理人际关系的能力就更显出它独特的作用和魅力。
罗斯福通过自己的努力和智囊团的鼎力相助,成功当选为美国总统。但是罗斯福并没有因自己的地位的改变而对他的朋友有任何改变,相反,他第一次成功当选美国总统后,第一件事情就是感谢他的伙伴相助并和他们共同庆祝。他组建了新的内阁,成员基本上都是先前追随他的“智囊团”成员,而且罗斯福还能将每一个人放在最适合自己的位置。罗斯福的一位好友,少年时期的伙伴因为经营并担任过地方的农业局长,才能和智慧首屈一指,很快被罗斯福任命为农业部长。事实证明,罗斯福没看错人。这位朋友在位期间,通过颁布一系列的条令以及刺激举措,使美国农业安然度过了经济大萧条。这使得许多人对罗斯福更加欣赏,认为自己没有跟错人,从而更加努力地投入到工作中去,为罗斯福,为全美国人民着想。以至于在他去世时,英国等数个国家为罗斯福降半旗致哀。整个美国为伟人的离去而落泪。
罗斯福作为一个人是成功的,是伟大的。
处理人际关系是一门艺术,是一种能力,是一种技巧。处理人际关系的能力不是一举就能掌握的。它需要我们在日常的交往中,通过不同的交往总结经验,它是一种积累。人际关系就是一个改错本,他记录着我们交往时的瑕疵以及正确的答案,以防我们重蹈覆辙;它又是一种修养,在它的下面,个人魅力尽情地得以展现。
学会交往吧,它是每个人的必修课;学会交往吧,在彼此的交流中,我们会有意想不到的收获;学会交往吧,它会助你走向成功;学会交往吧,它会使你一路与快乐相伴。
最后,送大家一句话:海内存知己,天涯若比邻。
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
president hoover mister chief justice, my friends:
this is a day of national consecration, and i am certain that on this day my fellow americans expect that on my induction in the presidency i will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impeis. this is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly nor need we shrink from honestly facing the conditions facing our country today this great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper so first of all, let me express my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself - nameless, unreasoning, un justified terror, which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. in every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves, which is essential to victory and i am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.
in such a spirit on my part and on yours, we face our ***mon difficulties. they concern, thank god, only material things. values have shrunken to fantastic levels; taxes have risen, our ability to pay has fallen, government of all kinds is faced by serious curta
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iiment of in***e, the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side, farmers find no markets for their produce, and the savings of many years and thousands of families are gone.
more important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equal and great number toil with little return. only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.
and yet, our distress ***es from no failure of substance, we are stricken by no plague of locusts. ***pared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and
were not afraid, we have so much to be thankful for nature surrounds us with her bounty and human, efforts have multiplied it. plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply primarily this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind’s goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own in***petence, have admitted their failure and have abdicated. practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.
true, they have tried, but their efforts have been cast in the patten
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of an outworn tradition. faced by a failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money stripped of the lure of profit by which they induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortation, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. they only know the rules of a generation of self seekers.
they have no vision, and when there is no vision, the people perish.
yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civiiization. we may now restore that temp1e to the ancient truths. a measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social value, more noble than mere mo***ary profits.
happiness lies not in the mere possession of money it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative efforts, the joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be f***otten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. these dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us, if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered on to, but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.
recognition of the falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of a false belief that public office and high political position are to be val
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ued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profits, and there must be an end to our conduct in banking and in business, which too of ten has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrong-doing. **all wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty on honon on the sacredness of our obligation, on faithful protection and on unselfish performance. without them it cannot live.
restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. this nation is asking for action, and action now.
our greatest primary task is to put people to work. this is no unsolvable problem if we take it wise1y and courageously it can be ac***plished in part by direct recruiting by the government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, ac***plishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and re***anize the use of our great natural resources.
hand in hand with that, we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution in an effort to provide better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.
yes the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the value
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of the agricultural product and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. it can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing losses through fore closures of our **all homes and our farms. it can be helped by insistence that the federal, the state, and the local government act forthwith on the demands that their costs be drastically reduce.
it can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are of ten scattered, uneconomical, unequal. it can be helped by national planning for, and supervision of all forms of transportation, and of ***munications, and other utilities that have a definitely public character. there are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by mere1y talking about it.
we must act, we must act quickly.
and finally in our progress toward a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against the return of the evils of the old order; there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments; there must be an end to speculation with other people-s money; and there must be provisions for an adequate but sound currency.
these, my friends, are the lines of attack. i shall presently urge upon a new congress in special session, detailed measures for their ful
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of the agricultural product and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. it can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing losses through fore closures of our **all homes and our farms. it can be helped by insistence that the federal, the state, and the local government act forthwith on the demands that their costs be drastically reduce.
it can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are of ten scattered, uneconomical, unequal. it can be helped by national planning for, and supervision of all forms of transportation, and of ***munications, and other utilities that have a definitely public character. there are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by mere1y talking about it.
we must act, we must act quickly.
and finally in our progress toward a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against the return of the evils of the old order; there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments; there must be an end to speculation with other people-s money; and there must be provisions for an adequate but sound currency.
these, my friends, are the lines of attack. i shall presently urge upon a new congress in special session, detailed measures for their ful
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gation, and respects the sanctity of his agreement, in and with, a world of neighbor.
if i read the temper of our people correctly we now realize what we have never realized before, our inter-dependence on each other, that we cannot merely take, but we must give as well. that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a ***mon discipline, because without such discip1ine, no progress can be made, no leadership be***es effective. we are all ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline because it makes possible a 1eadership which aims at the larger good.
this, i propose to offet we are going to larger purposes, bind upon us, bind upon us all, as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.
with this pledge taken, i assume unhesitatingly, the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our ***mon problems. action in this image, action to this end, is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from my ancestors. our constitution is so ******, so practical, that it is possible always, to meet extraordinary needs, by changes in emphasis and arrangements without loss of a cen
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tral form, that is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechani** the modern world has ever seen. it has met every stress of vast expansion of territory of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations.
and it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority wi1l be fully equal, fully adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. but it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for underlay action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.
we face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity in the clearest consciousness of seeking all and precious moral values, with the clean satisfaction that ***es from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike, we aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.
we do not distrust the future of essential democracy the people of the united states have not failed. in their need, they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. they have asked for discipline, and direction under leadership, they have made me the present instrument of their wishes.
in the spirit of the gift, i take it.
in this ded
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ication, in this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the b1essings of god, may he protect each and every one of us, may he guide me in the days to ***e.
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[罗斯福就职演讲稿中文]罗斯福演讲稿(2) | 胡佛**,首席法官先生,朋友们:
今天是我们国家的神圣日子。我确信,我所有的同胞都希望我在就职时按照我们目前的情况要求坦率而果断地向他们讲话。现在正是坦白、勇敢地说出实话,说出全部实话的最好时刻。
我们不必畏首畏尾,不老老实实面对我国今天的情况。这个伟大的国家将一如既往地继续下去,它将复兴和繁荣。所以让我首先表达我的坚定信念:
我们唯一不得不害怕的就是害怕本身--一种莫名其妙、丧失理智的、毫无根据的恐惧,它把人转退为进所需的种种努力化为泡影。凡在我国生活阴云密布的时刻,坦率而有活力的领导都得到过人民的理解和支持,从而为胜利准备了必不可少的条件。我相信在这个关键时刻,你会再次给予同样的支持。
我们应该本着这种精神面对共同的困难。谢天谢地,这些困难只是物质上的。价值难以想象地贬缩了;课税增加了;我们的支付能力下降了;各级**都面临严重的收入短缺。交换手段在**过程中被冻结;工业企业枯萎的落叶到处可见;农场主的产品找不到销路;千家万户多年的积蓄付之东流。
更重要的是,大量失业公民面临着严峻的生存问题,大量公民以辛勤劳动换取微薄的报酬。只有愚蠢的乐观主义者才会否认这些黑暗的现实。
但我们的困难决不是因为缺乏物资。我们没有遭到什么蝗虫的灾害。我们的先辈曾以信念和无畏一次次转危为安,比起他们经历过的险阻,我们仍大可感到欣慰。
大自然仍在给予我们恩惠,人类的努力使恩惠成倍增加。富裕的景象近在咫尺,但当我们看到它时,富裕的生活悄然离去。这主要是因为主宰人类物资交换的统治者们失败了,他们固执己见而又无能为力,因而已经认定失败了,并撒手不管了。
贪得无厌的货币兑换者的行为。将受到**法庭的起诉,将受到人类心灵理智的唾弃。
是的,他们是过了,但他们用的方法完全过时了。面对信贷的失败,他们只是提议多借钱。没有了当诱饵引诱人民追随他们的错误领导的金钱,他们只得求助于讲道,含泪祈求人民重新给予他们信心。
他们只知道追求者的规矩。他们没有异象,没有异象的必灭亡。
今天,货币兑换者已经逃离了我们文明寺庙的高峰。我们要用永恒的真理重建这座庙宇。重建的尺度是我们体现比金钱利益更崇高的社会价值观的程度。
幸福并不在于单纯地占有金钱;幸福不仅在于成就的喜悦,更在于创造的激情。我们决不能忘记劳动带来的快乐和鼓励,疯狂地追求转瞬即逝的利润。如果这些暗淡的时日能使我们认识到,我们真正的天命不是要别人侍奉,而是为自己和同胞们服务,那么,我们付出的代价就完全是值得的。
认识到把物质财富当作成功的标准是错误的,我们就会抛弃以地位尊严和个人收益为唯一标准,来衡量公职和高级政治地位的错误信念;我们必须制止银行界和企业界的一种行为,它常常使神圣的委托混同于无情和自私的不正当行为。难怪信心在减弱,只有诚实、可信、忠诚和无私地履行职责。而没有这些,就不可能有信心。
但是,复兴不仅仅是改变道德。这个国家要求行动起来,现在就行动起来。
我们最大最基本的任务是让人民工作。只要我相信智慧和勇气,这个问题是可以解决的。这可以部分由**直接征募完成,就象对待临战的紧要关头一样,但同时,在有了人手的情况下,我们还急需能刺激并重组巨大自然资源的工程。
我们齐心协力,但必须坦白地承认工业中心的人口失衡,我们必须在全国范围内重新分配,使土地在最适合的人手中发表挥更大作用。
明确提高农产品价值和购买城市商品的力度,有助于完成这项任务。避免许多小家庭企业和农场企业丧失抵押品赎回权的悲剧,也有助于完成这项任务。联邦、州和地方**立即采取行动响应降价号召,这有助于完成任务。
把现在经常分散和不经济的救济活动统一起来,将有助于完成这项任务。国家对所有与公共生活有关的公共交通,通讯和其他涉施的规划和监督有助于完成这项任务。许多事情有助于完成任务,但这些不包括空谈。
我们必须行动,立即行动。
最后,为了重新开始工作,我们需要两只手来抵御旧秩序的魔鬼;一定要有严格监督银行业、信贷及投资的机制:一定要杜绝投机;必须有足够和健康的货币。
我的朋友们,这些施政策方针。在特别会议上,我敦促新国会制定详细的实施计划,我想请18个州立即提供援助。
这样做,我们将给自己一个有序的国家大厦,使收入大于支出。我们的国际**虽然非常重要,但在时间和必要性方面,现在还不如建立一个健康的经济。我建议,作为可行的策略和优先事项。
虽然我将不遗余力通过国际经济重新协调所来恢复国际**,但我认为国内的紧急情况无法等待这重新协调的完成。
指导这一特殊国家复苏的基本思想不是狭隘的民族主义。我首先考虑的是坚持美国这一整体中各部分的相互依赖性--这是对美国式的开拓精神的古老而永恒的证明的体现。这才是复苏之路,是即时之路,是保证复苏功效持久之路。
在国际政策方面,我将使美国采取睦邻友好政策。做一个决心自重,因此而尊重邻国的国家。成为一个履行义务、遵守与其他国家协议的国家。
如果我对人民的心情的了解正确的话,我想我们已认识到了我们从未认识到的问题,我们是互相依存的,我们不可以只索取,我们还必须奉献。我们前进时,必须象一支训练有素的忠诚的军队,愿意为共同的原则而献身,因为,没有这些原则,就无法取得进步,领导就不可能得力。我们都准备好并愿意为这一原则付出生命和财产,因为这将使那些希望建设一个更美好社会的领导人成为可能。
我提议,为了实现更大的目标,我们所有人都应该紧密地团结在一起,承担同样的责任。这是神圣的职责,不是战争,不是停止。
带着这样的誓言,我将毫不犹豫地承担起领导伟大人民军队的任务,致力于对我们共同问题的有力打击。这种行动,这种目标,在我们从祖先手中接过的**中是可行的。我们的宪法如此简单,实在。
它随时可以应付特殊情况,只需对重点和安排加以修改而不丧失中心思想,正因为如此,我们的宪法体制已自证为是最有适应性的政治体制。它已经应对了巨大的土地扩张、外国战争、内乱和国际关系的压力。
而我们还希望行使法律的人士做到充分的平等,能充分地担负前所未有的任务。但现在前所未有的紧急行动需要人们暂时放弃正常的生活节奏而变得紧急。
让我们正视面前的严峻岁月,怀着举国一致给我们带来的热情和勇气,怀着寻求传统的、珍贵的道德观念的明确意识,怀着老老少少都能通过克尽职守而得到的问心无愧的满足。我们的目标是确保国民生活的完善和长期稳定。
我们不怀疑基本民主的未来。合众国人民并没有失败。他们在困难中表达了自己的承诺,即采取直接和有力的行动。
他们要求有领导的纪律和方向。他们现在选择我作为实现他们愿望的工具。我接受这份厚赠。
在国家献祭的时候,我们谦卑地祈求上帝的祝福。愿上帝对我们所有人和每一个人都保持信心,愿上帝在未来的日子里指引我。
[罗斯福就职演讲稿英文sub-info" id="sub3">罗斯福演讲稿(3) | president hoover mister chief justice, my friends:
this is a day of national consecration, and i am certain that on this day my fellow americans expect that on my induction in the presidency i will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impeis. this is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly nor need we shrink from honestly facing the conditions facing our country today this great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper so first of all, let me express my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself - nameless, unreasoning, un justified terror, which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. in every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves, which is essential to victory and i am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.
in such a spirit on my part and on yours, we face our ***mon difficulties. they concern, thank god, only material things. values have shrunken to fantastic levels; taxes have risen, our ability to pay has fallen, government of all kinds is faced by serious curtaiiment of in***e, the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side, farmers find no markets for their produce, and the savings of many years and thousands of families are gone.
more important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equal and great number toil with little return. only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.
and yet, our distress ***es from no failure of substance, we are stricken by no plague of locusts. ***pared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and
were not afraid, we have so much to be thankful for nature surrounds us with her bounty and human, efforts have multiplied it. plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply primarily this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind’s goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own in***petence, have admitted their failure and have abdicated. practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.
true, they have tried, but their efforts have been cast in the patten of an outworn tradition. faced by a failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money stripped of the lure of profit by which they induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortation, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. they only know the rules of a generation of self seekers.
they have no vision, and when there is no vision, the people perish.
yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civiiization. we may now restore that temp1e to the ancient truths. a measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social value, more noble than mere mo***ary profits.
happiness lies not in the mere possession of money it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative efforts, the joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be f***otten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. these dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us, if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered on to, but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.
recognition of the falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of a false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profits, and there must be an end to our conduct in banking and in business, which too of ten has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrong-doing. **all wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty on honon on the sacredness of our obligation, on faithful protection and on unselfish performance. without them it cannot live.
restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. this nation is asking for action, and action now.
our greatest primary task is to put people to work. this is no unsolvable problem if we take it wise1y and courageously it can be ac***plished in part by direct recruiting by the government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, ac***plishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and re***anize the use of our great natural resources.
hand in hand with that, we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution in an effort to provide better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.
yes the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the value of the agricultural product and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. it can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing losses through fore closures of our **all homes and our farms. it can be helped by insistence that the federal, the state, and the local government act forthwith on the demands that their costs be drastically reduce.
it can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are of ten scattered, uneconomical, unequal. it can be helped by national planning for, and supervision of all forms of transportation, and of ***munications, and other utilities that have a definitely public character. there are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by mere1y talking about it.
we must act, we must act quickly.
and finally in our progress toward a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against the return of the evils of the old order; there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments; there must be an end to speculation with other people-s money; and there must be provisions for an adequate but sound currency.
these, my friends, are the lines of attack. i shall presently urge upon a new congress in special session, detailed measures for their fulfillment, and i shall seek the immediate assistance of the 48 states.
through this program of action, we address ourselves to putting our own national house in order, and ****** in***e balance outflow our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time and necessity secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy i favor as a practical policy the putting of first things first. i shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment, but the emergency at home cannot wait on that ac***plishment.
the basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not narrowly nationalistic. it is the insistence, as a first consideration upon the inter-dependence of the various elements in all parts of the united states of america - a recognition of the old and the permanently important manifestation of the american spirit of the pioneer. it is the way to recovery it is the immediate way it is the strongest assurance that recovery will endure.
in the field of world policy i would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor. the neighbor who resolutely respects himself, and because he does so, respects the rights of
others. the neighbor who respects his ob1igation, and respects the sanctity of his agreement, in and with, a world of neighbor.
if i read the temper of our people correctly we now realize what we have never realized before, our inter-dependence on each other, that we cannot merely take, but we must give as well. that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a ***mon discipline, because without such discip1ine, no progress can be made, no leadership be***es effective. we are all ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline because it makes possible a 1eadership which aims at the larger good.
this, i propose to offet we are going to larger purposes, bind upon us, bind upon us all, as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.
with this pledge taken, i assume unhesitatingly, the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our ***mon problems. action in this image, action to this end, is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from my ancestors. our constitution is so ******, so practical, that it is possible always, to meet extraordinary needs, by changes in emphasis and arrangements without loss of a central form, that is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechani** the modern world has ever seen.
it has met every stress of vast expansion of territory of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations.
and it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority wi1l be fully equal, fully adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. but it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for underlay action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.
we face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity in the clearest consciousness of seeking all and precious moral values, with the clean satisfaction that ***es from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike, we aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.
we do not distrust the future of essential democracy the people of the united states have not failed. in their need, they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. they have asked for discipline, and direction under leadership, they have made me the present instrument of their wishes.
in the spirit of the gift, i take it.
in this dedication, in this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the b1essings of god, may he protect each and every one of us, may he guide me in the days to ***e.
罗斯福:珍珠港致全国
西奥多·罗斯福那个拿着假耙子的人
罗斯福四项自由英语演讲稿
罗斯福原版英文演讲稿
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
1941年的12月,那是个滴水成冰的季节。
夜已很深了,美国原子弹之父罗伯特·奥本海默一个人在空落落的街上踟蹰,他不知道要去哪里,也不知道该去干什么。他不想回家,尽管家中那样温暖,还有他的爱妻在等他。
他真不知道该如何面对罗斯福总统。为了向罗斯福总统讲明什么是原子弹,什么是原子,什么是原子核,什么是核裂变,他真的已经黔驴技穷了。那位伟大的总统在核物理方面的知识为零。
他无法让总统明白,一颗原子弹怎么会有那样不可思议的杀伤力,一颗原子弹怎么会有几万吨TNT炸药的威力。
他无法让总统明白什么叫冲击波,什么叫光辐射,为什么原子弹的爆炸会带来核污染,核污染能存在多少年。
对他莫名其妙的申请,总统已表明不胜其烦。而且不要说总统,他自己也讲得口干舌燥、疲惫不堪了。
他整整讲了4个小时,总统显然什么都没听明白,想要总统为他的曼哈顿计划拿出钱来,而且是百亿美元的巨款,绝无可能。对于1941年战时的美国,多少钱都不够花。
经过了几年的努力,罗伯特·奥本海默已经拥有了一切,全世界一流的科学家包括爱因斯坦,都在他的麾下。能搜罗到的,他都已经悉数收入囊中。研制出可供实战使用的原子弹,所有的技术问题都已解决,实验室阶段也已经结束。
可要开发并制造出能投入战争中,决定战争进程甚至战争胜负的原子弹,还差得很远很远。他急需百亿美元的庞大经费和至少10万人的投入,这一切,没有总统的支持是不可能的。
如果拿不到这笔钱,他将功亏一篑,在最后1000米倒下,他所有的心血都将付诸东流,他将无颜面对这个世界。
他还有一个机会,也许这是最后一个机会。明天早上,他将与总统共进早餐。他必须用最浅显易懂的语言,也许只能讲3分钟,让总统明白为什么要研制原子弹,进而支持他的计划。
天渐渐亮了,启明星在天边熄灭,就在昼夜转换的这一刻,突然,一个想法在他的脑海中掠过……
在与罗斯福总统共进早餐时,奥本海默给他讲了一个故事。
1804年12月,拿破仑加冕为法兰西皇帝,史称拿破仑一世,他缔造了法兰西第一帝国,并以其赫赫战功,粉碎了5次犯法联盟的进攻,成为欧洲大陆霸主,其控制地域从比利牛斯山延伸到涅曼河,从北海延伸到亚得里亚海。
不可一世的拿破仑,在战场上所向披靡。
可就是这样一位在世界战争史上罕见的天才和悍将,却在海上屡战屡败。法国的海军被英国海军打得丢盔卸甲,浮尸满海,如枯枝败叶,惨不忍睹。就在拿破仑在海战中几乎输得精光,一筹莫展的时候,幸运之神来了。
一位工程师求见,他向拿破仑建议,将木质的战舰改成钢制的铁甲舰,将布帆全部砍去,换成蒸汽机涡轮发动机。
这位世界战争史上罕见的天才统帅听后,不以为然地一笑。他那天才的大脑在想,木板改成钢板,船还能漂在水面上吗?砍了布帆,船靠什么前进?就靠那把大茶壶吗?他想,他是工程师吗?一个疯子而已。
他下令,把这个喋喋不休的疯子大耳光子扇出去。
拿破仑可能永远都不知道,他犯下的是一个什么样的错误。如果他听了这个喋喋不休的“疯子”的话,历史将因此被改写。他也不会在战败之后,被孤零零地囚禁并困死在一个小岛上。
听完了这个小故事,总统一声未吭。半晌,就在奥本海默已经绝望的时候,总统看着他的公文包说:我不会下令把你这个喋喋不休的疯子大耳光子扇出去,把你的报告拿出来吧。
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
课标要求:
列举罗斯福新政的主要内容,认识罗斯福新政的特点,探讨其在资本主义自我调节机制形成中的作用。
教学目标:
知识与能力:了解罗斯福新政的背景;识记罗斯福新政的内容和两个阶段;理解其特点和影响。
过程与方法:
1.按照发现问题→查找资料→课堂探究→得出结论→课后延伸五个步骤学习本课内容。
2.通过设置情境,激发学生的质疑精神,掌握质疑的方法;
3.通过史料的学习与运用,培养学生论从史出的能力。
情感态度与价值观:
1.学习罗斯福不怕困难、坚韧不拔的精神,并将之落实到实际行动中。
2.通过学习罗斯福新政的作用和意义,认识创新的重要性,激励学生大胆创新的信心和行动。
教学重点:罗斯福新政的主要内容
教学难点:罗斯福新政的作用和意义
教学过程:
单元框架问题:
1. 胡佛的经济政策为什么不能缓解经济危机?
2. 罗斯福是谁?他为什么要实行新政?
3.罗斯福的新政的内容有什么?产生了什么结果?为什么会产生那样的结果?
4.罗斯福新政为什么不能从根本上消除经济危机?
5.罗斯福新政有什么影响?
6.罗斯福新政与我国社会主义市场经济的比较。
教师准备:前两个问题由学生在课下收集资料,上课的时候由各组指派同学向全体同学讲解,其余是课上学习、讨论要解决的问题。
讲授新课:
预习落实阶段:学生代表上台发言,有的小组还制作了幻灯片,将他们查找的资料向全体同学展示。
讲授“罗斯福新政的内容”一目,运用情境教学法,将学生带到胡佛时代,让他们体验当时的困境并且理解罗斯福新政的各项内容都是非常有针对性的。
例如,“整顿银行与金融业”。由于大萧条是由疯狂投机活动引起的金融危机而触发的,当时国家整个银行信贷体系陷入瘫痪,罗斯福要做的第一件事,是必须尽快恢复公众对银行的信任,因此改革也首先从整顿银行与金融业开始。罗斯福采取的这些非常措施,对收拾残局、稳定人心起了巨大的作用。公众舆论评价,这个行动犹如“黑沉沉的天空出现的一道闪电”。到1933年4月,存回银行的通货已达10亿美元,这说明罗斯福整顿银行与金融业的措施,很快起到了恢复银行信用的作用,促进了金融体系的正常运作,为工农业生产的恢复提供了前提保证。
讲授“特点”时,运用比较法进行教学。各组学生都将罗斯福新政的各项内容与胡佛时期政策的比较,从而得出了基本一致的结论。即在不触动资本主义制度前提下,加强国家政权对经济进行干预,通过法律形式把国家保障经济稳定和发展的责任固定下来,是资本主义运行机制和资本主义生产关系自我调节的成功典范。
讲授“罗斯福新政的作用和意义”一目,运用阅读法。要求同学们在教材中找到这部分内容。
课堂反馈:课堂练习
布置作业:比较罗斯福新政与德意法西斯专政对世界的不同影响。
课后思考:罗斯福新政与我国社会主义市场经济的比较。
评价设计:小论文:《我说罗斯福新政》
要求:根据本节课知识以及自己对罗斯福新政的理解完成小论文,并对罗斯福新政进行评价,观点不限,有相关论据即可。字数:400字。
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
胡佛总统,首席法官先生,朋友们:
今天,对我们国家来说,是一个神圣的日子。我肯定,同胞们都期待我在就任总统时,会像我国目前形势所要求的那样,坦率而果断地向他们讲话。现在正是坦白、勇敢地说出实话,说出全部实话的最好时刻。我们不必畏首畏尾,不老老实实面对我国今天的情况。这个伟大的国家会一如既往地坚持下去,它会复兴和繁荣起来。因此,让我首先表明我的坚定信念:我们唯一不得不害怕的就是害怕本身--一种莫名其妙、丧失理智的、毫无根据的恐惧,它把人转退为进所需的种种努力化为泡影。凡在我国生活阴云密布的时刻,坦率而有活力的领导都得到过人民的理解和支持,从而为胜利准备了必不可少的条件。我相信,在目前危急时刻,大家会再次给予同样的支持。
我和你们都要以这种精神,来面对我们共同的困难。感谢上帝,这些困难只是物质方面的。价值难以想象地贬缩了;课税增加了;我们的支付能力下降了;各级政府面临着严重的收入短缺;交换手段在贸易过程中遭到了冻结;工业企业枯萎的落叶到处可见;农场主的产品找不到销路;千家万户多年的积蓄付之东流。
更重要的是,大批失业公民正面临严峻的生存问题,还有大批公民正以艰辛的劳动换取微薄的报酬。只有愚蠢的乐天派会否认当前这些阴暗的现实。
但是,我们的苦恼决不是因为缺乏物资。我们没有遭到什么蝗虫的灾害。我们的先辈曾以信念和无畏一次次转危为安,比起他们经历过的险阻,我们仍大可感到欣慰。大自然仍在给予我们恩惠,人类的努力已使之倍增。富足的情景近在咫尺,但就在我们见到这种情景的时候,宽裕的生活却悄然离去。这主要是因为主宰人类物资交换的统治者们失败了,他们固执己见而又无能为力,因而已经认定失败了,并撒手不管了。贪得无厌的货币兑换商的种种行径。将受到舆论法庭的起诉,将受到人类心灵理智的唾弃。
是的,他们是努力过,然而他们用的是一种完全过时的方法。面对信贷的失败,他们只是提议借出更多的钱。没有了当诱饵引诱人民追随他们的错误领导的金钱,他们只得求助于讲道,含泪祈求人民重新给予他们信心。他们只知自我追求者们的处世规则。他们没有眼光,而没有眼光的人是要灭亡的。
如今,货币兑换商已从我们文明庙宇的高处落荒而逃。我们要以千古不变的真理来重建这座庙宇。衡量这重建的尺度是我们体现比金钱利益更高尚的社会价值的程度。
幸福并不在于单纯地占有金钱;幸福还在于取得成就后的喜悦,在于创造努力时的激情。务必不能再忘记劳动带来的喜悦和激励,而去疯狂地追逐那转瞬即逝的利润。如果这些暗淡的时日能使我们认识到,我们真正的天命不是要别人侍奉,而是为自己和同胞们服务,那么,我们付出的代价就完全是值得的。
❂ 罗斯福新政教案 ❂
富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福(英语:Franklin D.Roosevelt,1882年1月30日-1945年4月12日),史称“小罗斯福”,是美国第32任总统,美国历史上唯一连任超过两届(连任四届,病逝于第四届任期中)的总统,美国迄今为止在任时间最长的总统。罗斯福家族在美国大约有近300年的历史,美国第26任总统西奥多·罗斯福是富兰克林·罗斯福的堂叔。
在1930年代经济大萧条期间,罗斯福[1] 推行新政以提供失业救济与复苏经济,并成立众多机构来改革经济和银行体系,从经济危机的深渊中挽救了美国,他所发起的一些计划仍继续在国家的商贸中扮演重要角色。除此之外,在其任内设立的一些制度仍然保留至今。罗斯福曾促成了政党重组,他与其妻埃莉诺·罗斯福至今仍是美国现代自由主义的典范。
罗斯福是第二次世界大战期间同盟国阵营的重要领导人之一。1941年珍珠港事件发生后,罗斯福力主对日本宣战,并引进了价格管制和配给。罗斯福以租借法案使美国转变为“民主国家的兵工厂”,使美国成为同盟国主要的军火供应商和融资者,也使得美国国内产业大幅扩张,实现充分就业。二战后期同盟国逐渐扭转形势后,罗斯福对塑造战后世界秩序发挥了关键作用,其影响力在雅尔塔会议及联合国的成立中尤其明显。后来,在美国协助下,盟军击败德国、意大利和日本。
罗斯福曾多次被评为美国最佳总统[2] 美国的权威期刊《大西洋月刊》评为影响美国的100位人物第4名。
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